DETERMINING OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE CHANGES DURING HEATING OF PRESSURE VESSELS WITH HOLES

A method for determining time-optimum medium temperature changes is presented. The heating of the pressure elements will be conducted so that the circumferential stress caused by pressure and fluid temperature variations at the edge of the opening at the point of stress concentration, does not exceed the allowable value. In contrast to present standards, two points at the edge of the opening are taken into consideration. The first point P-1 is located at the cross section and the second P-2 at the longitudinal section of the vessel. It will be shown that the optimum temperature courses should be determined with respect to the total circumferential stress at the point P-2, and not, as in the existing standards due to the stress at the point P-1. Optimum fluid temperature changes are assumed in the form of simple time functions. For practical reasons the optimum temperature in the ramp form is preferred. It is possible to increase the fluid temperature stepwise at the beginning of the heating process and then the fluid temperature can be increased with a constant rate. By the stepwise increase in fluid temperature heating time of a thick-walled component is shorter than heating time resulting from the calculations according to EN 12952-3 European Standard.