Examination of historical ceiling systems by non-destructive testing methods

Examinations of existing historical buildings become more and more important. Non-destructive testing methods are a very powerful alternative or addition to destructive tests. Frequently they are essential for examination and assessment of existing structures, especially historical ceilings, to get the required information. The achievable density of information is unrivalled. Usage of non-destructive testing methods has to be prepared properly. Before starting tests, the task of the examination should be defined clearly and boundary conditions should be clarified. The article on hand presents three non-destructive testing methods, each important for examination of historical ceiling systems: ultrasonic echo technique, ground radar and measurement by reinforcement scanner. In addition endoscopy is covered as an important supporting tool for non-destructive testing. Usage and limitations of the methods are shown, examples are given. Depending on task, not every method is suitable. Often a combination of non-destructive testing methods is useful or even necessary. Interpretation of the results is not always simple as well. Hence selection of method and interpretation of results need experience. The usage of testing devices by unexperienced personnel is strictly not advisable, especially if the devices provide finally analyzed results without revealing details of the processing similar to a black box.