Vaccination for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: reprogramming CD4 T-cell homing into the lung

Development of effective tuberculosis vaccines is hampered by insufficient understanding of protective immunity. Here, Woodworth et al.(1) show secondary effector CD4 T cells generated after Mtb challenge of H56/CAF01 vaccinated mice display superior lung homing compared with primary effectors. Vaccination generates large populations of parenchymal lungeffector cellsby inducing CXCR3(+)KLRG1(-) cells that continuously migrate from lymph nodes to lung, and limiting the generation of non-protective CX3CR1(+)KLRG1(+) intravascular effectors, providing insight vaccine-mediated protection against tuberculosis.