Modifiers of mutation rate in selectively fluctuating environments

We study a mutation-selection model with a fluctuating environment. More precisely, individuals in a large population are assumed to have a modifier locus determining the mutation rate u is an element of [0, ] at a second locus with types v is an element of [0, 1]. In addition, the environment fluctuates, meaning that individual types change their fitness at some high rate. Fitness only depends on the type of the second locus. We obtain general limit results for the evolution of the allele frequency distribution for rapidly fluctuating environments. As an application, we make use of the resulting Fleming-Viot process and compute the fixation probabilities for higher mutation rates in the special case of two bi-allelic loci in the limit of small fitness differences at the second locus. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.