Community-led local development in urban and other areas: lessons from Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship

Motivation: The study explores core outcomes of implementation of community-led local development (CLLD) in Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship, referring to the problem of reducing the scale of social exclusion. Aim: Its aim was to compare the engagement of local action groups (LAGs) operating in urban and other areas in solving social exclusion problems. Results: The study found that in the voivodship urban LAGs are generally much more involved in solving social exclusion problems than the other LAGs, but even in their case the effectiveness of planned pro-inclusive activities is low. The results suggest that the CLLD instrument tested in the largest cities of the voivodship in current financial perspective can be successfully used in other cities in Poland in forthcoming one. However, the scope and effectiveness of planned social inclusion projects should be increased.