Perovskite Solar Cells with Vivid, Angle-Invariant, and Customizable Inkjet-Printed Colorization for Building-Integrated Photovoltaics

The steadily growing market share of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) places the aesthetics of solar modules in the focus of research and development. In this work, a colorization method based on inkjet-printed reflective pigments is adapted for the emerging perovskite photovoltaics. Herein, not only excellent control of color impression, brightness, and pattern is demonstrated, but also angle invariant color perception, which makes the presented approach stand out among the many published colorization strategies for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Compared to uncolored reference solar cells, bright magenta and yellow PSCs display a remarkable relative power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 65% and more than 11% absolute PCE. Moreover, PSCs with more BIPV-relevant coloring patterns such as a mimic of a marble or corten steel surfaces are demonstrated. The colorization method presented is inexpensive and ready for scalable solar module production. To demonstrate the scalability of the proposed concept, a small-area perovskite solar module (4 cm(2) aperture area) in white marble optics exhibiting a PCE of almost 14% as a potential application is presented.