Growth and structure of pre-mature mixed stands of Scots pine created by direct seeding in the boreal zone

The purpose of the research is to analyse the successful creation of an artificial pine forest by seeding and develop recommendations for the guaranteed reproduction of pine stands in Northern European Russia. In recent decades, there has been a steady decline in the share of pine stands and their replacement with low-value and low-yielding tree species. We surveyed 12 permanent sample plots that were laid out in various variants of forest crops. The taxation parameters were obtained by a standard analysis of the experimental data. The evaluation parameters of the stands vary within the following limits: the average diameter of the pine trees varied from 21.9 to 30.9 cm; the total basal area of the pine varied from 19.1 to 38.8 m(2).ha(-1); the average height of the pine varied from 20.1 to 26.8 m; the number of growing trees varied from 754 to 1 952 ha(-1); the pines varied from 382 to 762 ha(-1); the growing stocks of stands varied from 416 to 608 m(3).ha(-1). The distribution of pine trees by thickness steps showed that all the studied samples were close to the normal distribution curve. The results of the correlation and multidimensional analyses showed that the creation method of the forest crops had a significant impact on the value of the taxation parameters. It was found that the best options for growing pure pine stands that can be recommended for practical production are plots with a large share of soil cultivation and the size of the seedbed.