Modifiable Factors to Prevent Prolonged Length of Stay after Sleeve Gastrectomy

Background Early discharge after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is common and safe, but two-thirds of patients are still hospitalized longer than 1 day. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with early discharge at a single institution with intention to discharge on postoperative day 1. Methods Retrospective review of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors was performed for all patients undergoing SG at an academic hospital between 2010 and 2016. The primary outcome measure was length of stay (LOS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of prolonged LOS. Results A total of 367 patients undergoing SG were included. Two hundred eighty-seven (78%) were women and 294 (80%) were Caucasian. Mean age was 45.5 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 48.7 kg/m2. One hundred twenty-three patients (33.5%) had a LOS <= 1 day. Compared to patients staying >= 2 days, early discharge patients had significantly lower BMI, creatinine, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class, were more likely to be White, married, have private insurance, and were more likely to have a morning start and no postoperative upper gastrointestinal (UGI) swallow study. Regression analysis demonstrated several independent predictors of prolonged LOS including institutional experience (OR 0.5, p < 0.001), case start time (OR 0.6, p = 0.04), and routine UGI swallow (OR 8.8, p < 0.0001) postoperatively. Conclusions LOS after SG is affected by multiple factors, including patient health, socioeconomic status, case order, and postoperative management. Optimization of these may allow for improvement in preoperative education and streamlined postoperative pathways, resulting in reduced LOS.