Yukawa couplings in string theory: the case for F-theory GUT's

We study the pattern of Yukawa couplings in local F-theory SU(5) GUT's. Couplings for the third family of quarks and leptons appear at the perturbative level, but to reproduce the observed couplings for the lighter families requires non-perturbative dynamics. We show that corrections due to instanton effects do lead to a Yulcawa matrix with a hierarchical structure. Our results apply to both down-like 10 xgxg and up- like 10 x 10 x 5 couplings. The models include magnetic fluxes needed for a chiral spectrum and for symmetry breaking down to the Standard Model. We compute the holomorphic couplings via residues and then obtain the physical couplings taking into account the normalization of wavefunction profiles. Combining non-perturbative corrections and magnetic fluxes allows to fit the measured masses and hierarchies of the third and second generations in the Standard Model.