Far-red light enhances photochemical efficiency in a wavelength-dependent manner

Linear electron transport depends on balanced excitation of photosystem I and II. Far-red light preferentially excites photosystem I (PSI) and can enhance the photosynthetic efficiency when combined with light that over-excites photosystem II (PSII). The efficiency of different wavelengths of far-red light exciting PSI was quantified by measuring the change in quantum yield of PSII (phi(PSII)) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under red/blue light with narrowband far-red light added (from 678 to 752 nm, obtained using laser diodes). The phi(PSII) of lettuce increased with increasing wavelengths of added light from 678 to 703 nm, indicating longer wavelengths within this region are increasingly used more efficiently by PSI than by PSII. Adding 721 nm light resulted in similar phi(PSII) as adding 703 nm light, but phi(PSII) tended to decrease as wavelength increased from 721 to 731 nm, likely due to decreasing absorptance and low photon energy. Adding 752 nm light did not affect phi(PSII). Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence light response measurements showed lettuce had higher phi(PSII) under halogen light (rich in far-red) than under red/blue light (which over-excites PSII). Far-red light is more photosynthetically active than commonly believed, because of its synergistic interaction with light of shorter wavelengths.