Work ethic, religion and moral energy: the case of Turkish SME owner-managers

This paper explores the hitherto neglected issue of how religious beliefs influence the work ethic of Turkish SME (small and medium-sized enterprise) owner-managers. We draw on Weber's notion of Lebensfuhrung, which captures the manner of living one's life, as a theoretical and explanatory lens and use this lens to explore how religious beliefs impact international HRM. The research is conducted among religious Muslim entrepreneurs, who show strong diaspora characteristics in their early emergence in 1990s. Based on qualitative research on Turkish entrepreneurs (SME owner-managers), we find that a new Islamic discourse - appearing as more liberal and pro market oriented - together with the Muslim work ethic, drive entrepreneurialism in Turkey. We demonstrate that the contemporary Muslim work ethic comprises a moral energy', which manifests itself variously as rational/secular, shared/communicated, and action-oriented driver for Muslim entrepreneurs, helping to sustain their entrepreneurial activities in the Turkish context.