A New QoS Adaptive Multi-path Routing for Video Streaming in Urban VANETs Integrating Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic

The multi-path transmission is an appropriate transmission method for high data rate packets like video streaming. To provide video streaming with high quality, the video packets are divided into different frames for transmitting through various paths. Nevertheless, regarding the results of numerous inherent features of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), designing a stable and efficient routing protocol is difficult for various applications of VANETs. In particular, the dynamic nature of topology and intermittent connectivity make maintaining the quality of service (QoS) task very difficult. To provide QoS to entertainment applications and traffic safety in VANET, we offer a routing protocol based on the adaptive junction with QoS support regarding packet delivery ratio (PDR), connectivity probability, and delay. To establish the best QoS routes, we considered the equivalent routing problem as the optimization problem and then proposed an algorithm based on ant colony optimization for solving it. Moreover, a fuzzy logic-based algorithm was employed to select the best next-hop vehicle by incorporating multiple metrics associated with the vehicle's position, link quality, and vehicle mobility. The transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) are the two most known transference layer protocols. In this study, we provide an adaptation of TCP and UDP protocols for video streaming in VANET. To indicate the behavior of our suggested method, the network simulator NS-2 is used for the simulation. The simulation findings show the efficiency of our proposed approach in comparison with the existing research works in terms of the average packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, overhead, and peak signal to noise ratio.