Isolation, Identification and Biological Applications of Anthraquinone (Methylated Rhein) from Albizia saman Seed Extracts

Nature has been a basis of medicinal agents for thousands of years, and an imposing number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources that claim traditional medicinal practice. Albizia saman (F: Fabaceae) is reported to possess multiple medicinal effects. The aim of the present work has been framed with a synergistic goal to explore its antioxidant property through numerous in vitro biochemical assays, estimations and separate to bioactive constituents accountable for its pharmacological properties of Albizia saman seed extracts. Different solvent extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol) were assessed for the total content of phenol, flavonoid, carbohydrate and protein, in vitro antioxidant assays viz. DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing power activity. Numerous useful constituents were also identified tentatively using GC-MS analysis. Structural elucidation of the isolated compound was done by spectral techniques such as UV, IR, EI-MS, H-1-NMR and C-13-NMR. The results of the present investigation have pictured its antioxidant property through its phenolic, flavonoid contents and free-radical scavenging assays. Methylated Rhein was exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (13 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (10 mm), Klebsiella pneumonia (15 mm), Escherichia coli (10 mm), Candida albicans (14 mm) and Alternaria species (15 mm) at the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) 40 mu g/mL values. This study terminated that the extracts and isolated compounds had strong antioxidant and moderate antimicrobial activities and could be efficient in the management of oxidative stress related diseases. Practical ApplicationsAlbizia saman is a very important medicinal plant, it is used in various ayurvedic preparations. The seed extracts containes the phytoconstituents like flavonoid, phenol, carbohydrate, steroids, terpinoids, proteins, fat and oils. The bioassay-guided fractionation on the seed extracts of Albizia saman has good pharmacological properties, and the interest in the biological activity of the isolated compound shows that it can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent.