A multi-field finite element approach for the modelling of fibre-reinforced composites with fibre-bending stiffness

The implementation of an enhanced modelling approach for fibre-reinforced composites is presented which may, in addition to the directional dependency induced by the fibres, allow the capturing of the fibre-bending stiffness. The theoretical framework is based on the introduction of higher-order gradients of the motion function as additional arguments of the energy function such that size effects can be taken into account. However, the application of higher-order gradients within a finite element framework requires particular care with respect to continuity requirements. In this contribution the usage of a mixed-type multi-field finite element formulation and the fulfilment of the continuity requirement only in a weak sense is proposed. Based on a particular specification of the energy function representative boundary value problems are discussed to assess the model's properties. It is then shown that a model which is based on one additional invariant compared to the classic structural tensor approach allows, in principle, to incorporate effects which are due to the fibre-bending stiffness. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.