Leadless pacemakers: A new era in cardiac pacing

Cardiac pacemakers are a critical management option for patients with rhythm disorders. Current efforts to develop leadless pacemakers have two primary goals: to reduce lead-associated post-procedural morbidity and to avoid the surgical scar associated with placement. After extensive studies on animal models and technological advancements, these devices are currently under investigation for human use. Herein, we review the evidence from animal studies and the technological advancements that have ushered in the era of use in humans. We also discuss different leadless pacemakers currently under investigation, along with limitations and future developments of this innovative concept. (C) 2015 Japanese College of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.