Influence of plant structure, orifice size, and nozzle inclination on spray penetration into peanut canopy

Three spray penetration tests were conducted 48, 68, and 109 days after peanuts were planted on single-row and twin-row beds. Spray was applied with flat fan pattern nozzles 8001VS, 8003VS, and 8005VS at 276 kPa pressure. Leaf area index, foliage density, and plant height and width were measured for each test and correlated with spray deposits at the bottom and middle of peanut canopies. Tests to compare spray penetrations by adjusting spray inclination from vertical to 15degrees toward travel direction were also conducted when peanut plants were 68 and 109 days old. Data showed that spray penetration into peanut canopies could be improved by increasing nozzle size from 8001 VS to 8003VS but could not be improved by increasing the nozzle size from 8003VS to 8005VS after plants were 68 days old. Spray deposits on the top of canopies from the 8003 VS nozzle were 10.5 times higher than at the middle position and 62 times higher than at the bottom positions when plants were 109 days old. The average spray deposits at the middle of canopies from the 8003VS nozzle were 1.251, 0.721 and 0.552 muL/cm(2) when plants were 48, 68, and 109 days old, respectively. Spray deposits at the bottom and middle of peanut canopies tended to decrease linearly as the plant structure indicator of growth (square-root of the product of plant height, width, leaf area index, and foliage density) increased. Inclining nozzles to discharge sprays from vertical to 15degrees toward travel direction, did not significantly improve-spray penetration.