Zinc is an essential trace element due to its role as a key part of human enzymatic activity. As a cofactor in metalloenzymes and metalloproteins, zinc participates in diverse biological functions, including gene transcription, translation, and replication, phagocytosis, and immunoglobulin and cytokine production. In this review, we will focus on the role of zinc in the cardiovascular system, including heart failure, vascular calcification, and myocardial infarction. We will further highlight the role of zinc in cardiovascular pathology in individuals with chronic kidney disease, and type II diabetes mellitus, groups uniquely at risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Trisakti Univ, Med Fac, Dept Histol, Jl Kyai Tapa 260, Jakarta 11440, IndonesiaTrisakti Univ, Med Fac, Dept Histol, Jl Kyai Tapa 260, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
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Serbsky Fed Med Res Ctr Psychiat & Narcol, Dept Fundamental & Appl Neurobiol, Moscow 119991, RussiaSerbsky Fed Med Res Ctr Psychiat & Narcol, Dept Fundamental & Appl Neurobiol, Moscow 119991, Russia
Chistiakov, Dimitry A.
Melnichenko, Alexandra A.
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Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Gen Pathol & Pathophysiol, Lab Angiopathol, Moscow 125315, RussiaSerbsky Fed Med Res Ctr Psychiat & Narcol, Dept Fundamental & Appl Neurobiol, Moscow 119991, Russia
Melnichenko, Alexandra A.
Myasoedova, Veronika A.
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Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Gen Pathol & Pathophysiol, Lab Angiopathol, Moscow 125315, RussiaSerbsky Fed Med Res Ctr Psychiat & Narcol, Dept Fundamental & Appl Neurobiol, Moscow 119991, Russia
Myasoedova, Veronika A.
Grechko, Andrey V.
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Fed Res & Clin Ctr Intens Care Med & Rehabilitol, Moscow 109240, RussiaSerbsky Fed Med Res Ctr Psychiat & Narcol, Dept Fundamental & Appl Neurobiol, Moscow 119991, Russia
Grechko, Andrey V.
Orekhov, Alexander N.
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Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Gen Pathol & Pathophysiol, Lab Angiopathol, Moscow 125315, Russia
Skolkovo Innovat Ctr, Atherosclerosis Res Inst, Moscow 121609, RussiaSerbsky Fed Med Res Ctr Psychiat & Narcol, Dept Fundamental & Appl Neurobiol, Moscow 119991, Russia