Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanomaterials towards Electrochemical Nanoarchitectonics in Energy-Related Applications

Designing nanoscale components and units into functional defined systems and materials has recently received attention as a nanoarchitectonics approach. In particular, exploration of nanoarchitectonics in two-dimensions (2D) has made great progress these days. Basically, 2D nanomaterials are a center of interest owing to the large surface areas suitable for a variety of surface active applications. The increasing demands for alternative energy generation have significantly promoted the rational design and fabrication of a variety of 2D nanomaterials since the discovery of graphene. In 2D nanomaterials, the charge carriers are confined along the thickness while being allowed to move along the plane. Owing to the large planar area, 2D nanomaterials are highly sensitive to external stimuli, a characteristic suitable for a variety of surface active applications including electrochemistry. Because of the unique structures and multifunctionalities, 2D nanomaterials have stimulated great interest in the field of energy conversion and storage. This review highlights recent progress in the synthesis of a variety of 2D nanomaterials and their applications in energy conversion and storage. Finally, opportunities and some critical challenges in these fields are addressed.