Casimir effect for massive scalar field

The energy-momentum tensor is used to introduce the Casimir force of the massive scalar field acting on a nonpenetrating surface. This expression can be used to evaluate the vacuum force by employing the appropriate field operators. To simplify our formalism, we also relate the vacuum force expression to the imaginary part of the Green function via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and Kubo's formula. This allows one to evaluate the vacuum force without resorting to the process of field quantization. These two approaches are used to calculate the attractive force between two nonpenetrating plates. Special attention is paid to the generalization of the formalism to D + 1 spacetime dimensions.