Applications of Metal-organic Frameworks in Cancer Theranostics

The rapid development of imaging technologies allows scientists and clinicians to understand the patho-genesis and pathological processes of cancer accurately and to personalize treatment strategies based on a patient's condition. Cancer theranostic platforms combining various imaging and therapeutic agents into one entity for the diag-nosis and treatment of cancer simultaneously have attracted great attention and been widely studied. Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are an interesting and unique porous organic-inorganic hybrid materials constructed by the self-assembly of organic linkers and metal ions/ion clusters. It has demonstrated great potential to be a platform for carrying cancer theranostic agents due to its unique characteristics,such as easy post-modification,adjustable porosity,tunable functionality,and designable topology. In this review,we focused on the strategies of incorporating theranostic agents into MOFs carriers and summarized the developments of MOFs as cancer theranostic platforms for diagnosis and treatment of cancer guided by various imaging technologies,including magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computed tomography imaging,positron emission tomography imaging,optical imaging,and photoacoustic imaging. Moreover,the current challenges and perspectives of MOFs for cancer theranostics and their clinical translation were also addressed.