Effect of structure and function of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) on organophosphate pesticides metabolism

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an important enzyme in various pathologies such as pesticide poisoning, diabetes, atherosclerosis, neuronal disorders, and cancer, due to its multifunctional activity since it acts on different metabolites. However, one of its main functions is the hydrolysis of organophosphate (OP) compounds from pesticides that cause fatal poisoning at the level of the central nervous system (CNS). The objective of this review was to investigate whether the structure, genetics, and function of PON1 affect the metabolism of organophosphate pesticides or other abnormalities. Information was selected from articles in the database PubMed-NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) with a publication date between 2011 and 2019. The enzymatic activity of PON1 can be modified depending on its chemical structure since there are different genetic polymorphisms that change PONI morphologies or the levels of expression in the bloodstream. This leads to differences in susceptibilities to organophosphate pesticide poisoning. The results of this review reveal that phenotypic variants of PON1 have differences in affinities for OP substrates.