Molecular patterns in deficient mismatch repair colorectal tumours: results from a French prospective multicentric biological and genetic study

Background: To test the prognostic value of tumour protein and genetic markers in colorectal cancer (CRC) and examine whether deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) tumours had a distinct profile relative to proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) tumours. Methods: This prospective multicentric study involved 251 stage I-III CRC patients. Analysed biomarkers were EGFR (binding assay), VEGFA, thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) expressions, MMR status, mutations of KRAS (codons 12-13), BRAF (V600E), PIK3CA (exons 9 and 20), APC (exon 15) and P53 (exons 4-9), CpG island methylation phenotype status, ploidy, S-phase, LOH. Results: The only significant predictor of relapse-free survival (RFS) was tumour staging. Analyses restricted to stage III showed a trend towards a shorter RFS in KRAS-mutated (P - 0.005), BRAF wt (P = 0.009) and pMMR tumours (P - 0.036). Deficient mismatch repair tumours significantly demonstrated higher TS (median 3.1 vs 1.4) and TP (median 5.8 vs 3.5) expression relative to pMMR (P < 0.001) and show higher DPD expression (median 14.9 vs 7.9, P = 0.027) and EGFR content (median 69 vs 38, P = 0.037) relative to pMMR. Conclusions: Present data suggesting that both TS and DPD are overexpressed in dMMR tumours as compared with pMMR tumours provide a strong rationale that may explain the resistance of dMMR tumours to 5FU-based therapy.