The X-shooter/ALMA Sample of Quasars in the Epoch of Reionization. II. Black Hole Masses, Eddington Ratios, and the Formation of the First Quasars

被引:55
|
作者
Farina, Emanuele Paolo [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Schindler, Jan-Torge [2 ,4 ]
Walter, Fabian [2 ]
Banados, Eduardo [2 ]
Davies, Frederick B. [2 ]
Decarli, Roberto [5 ]
Eilers, Anna-Christina [6 ]
Fan, Xiaohui [7 ]
Hennawi, Joseph F. [4 ,8 ]
Mazzucchelli, Chiara [9 ,10 ]
Meyer, Romain A. [2 ]
Trakhtenbrot, Benny [11 ]
Volonteri, Marta [12 ]
Wang, Feige [7 ]
Worseck, Gabor [13 ]
Yang, Jinyi [7 ]
Gutcke, Thales A. [14 ]
Venemans, Bram P. [4 ]
Bosman, Sarah E. I. [2 ]
Costa, Tiago [3 ]
De Rosa, Gisella [15 ]
Drake, Alyssa B. [2 ,16 ]
Onoue, Masafusa [2 ,17 ,18 ]
机构
[1] NSFs NOIRLab, Gemini Observ, 670 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA
[2] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
[3] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
[4] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
[5] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis & Sci Spazio Bologna, via Gobetti 93-3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
[6] MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[7] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
[8] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
[9] European Southern Observ, Alonso De Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Region Metropol, Chile
[10] Univ Diego Portales, Nucl Astron Fac Ingn, Ave Ejercito Libertador 441, Santiago, Chile
[11] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
[12] Sorbonne Univ, Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, 98 Bis Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France
[13] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
[14] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
[15] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
[16] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Dept Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England
[17] Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
[18] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe Kavli IPMU, WPI, Chiba 2778583, Japan
来源
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2022年 / 941卷 / 02期
基金
欧洲研究理事会; 以色列科学基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会; 美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; HIGH-Z EXPLORATION; RADIUS-LUMINOSITY RELATIONSHIP; REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; HOST-GALAXY STARLIGHT; DARK-MATTER HALOES; LY-ALPHA NEBULAE;
D O I
10.3847/1538-4357/ac9626
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We present measurements of black hole masses and Eddington ratios (lambda (Edd)) for a sample of 38 bright (M (1450) < -24.4 mag) quasars at 5.8 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 7.5, derived from Very Large Telescope/X-shooter near-IR spectroscopy of their broad C iv and Mg ii emission lines. The black hole masses (on average, M (BH) similar to 4.6 x 10(9) M (circle dot)) and accretion rates (0.1 less than or similar to lambda (Edd) less than or similar to 1.0) are broadly consistent with that of similarly luminous 0.3 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 2.3 quasars, but there is evidence for a mild increase in the Eddington ratio above z greater than or similar to 6. Combined with deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the [C II] 158 mu m line from the host galaxies and VLT/MUSE investigations of the extended Ly alpha halos, this study provides fundamental clues to models of the formation and growth of the first massive galaxies and black holes. Compared to local scaling relations, z greater than or similar to 5.7 black holes appear to be over-massive relative to their hosts, with accretion properties that do not change with host galaxy morphologies. Assuming that the kinematics of the T similar to 10(4) K gas, traced by the extended Ly alpha halos, are dominated by the gravitational potential of the dark matter halo, we observe a similar relation between black hole mass and circular velocity as reported for z similar to 0 galaxies. These results paint a picture where the first supermassive black holes reside in massive halos at z greater than or similar to 6 and lead the first stages of galaxy formation by rapidly growing in mass with a duty cycle of order unity. The duty cycle needs to drastically drop toward lower redshifts, while the host galaxies continue forming stars at a rate of hundreds of solar masses per year, sustained by the large reservoirs of cool gas surrounding them.
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页数:27
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