Changes in circulating follicular helper T-cells in Chinese patients with allergic rhinitis

Conclusions: Changes of circulating Follicular helper T (cTfh) cells existed in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients, and the severity of disease was associated with a more severe change of cTfh milieu. These results imply that cTfh cells may play a crucial role in the pathology of AR in Chinese patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in cTfh cells in Chinese AR patients.Methods: Fifty-two patients were studied (32 in the AR group and 20 in the control group) for this research. The cTfh cell frequency and mRNA levels of transcription factor Bcl-6, B lymphocyte induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP-1), and related cytokine IL-21 (IL-21 protein was also measured) were analyzed. Clinical severity was evaluated by total serum IgE levels, visual analog scale scores (VAS), and rhino-conjunctivitis quality-of-life questionnaires (RQLQ). Results: The frequency of cTfh cells were elevated in AR groups vs healthy controls (p<0.05). Levels of IL-21 mRNA, Bcl-6 mRNA and the level of IL-21 protein were also significantly higher in the AR groups (p<0.05), whereas BLIMP-1 mRNA was decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, positive correlations were identified between the frequency of cTfh cells and indicators of clinical severity (p<0.01).