Distributed Optimal Coordinated Operation for Distribution System with the Integration of Residential Microgrids

With the increasing integration of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) generation and plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) into the households at user level, household consumers become prosumers. The coordination between the household prosumers and distribution network (DN) becomes essential to the energy management and optimal operation for both entities. In this paper, the residential prosumer cluster is considered as a residential microgrid (RMG) and a hierarchical DN integration method for the multi-RMGs is presented. A two-level hierarchical distributed optimization model is established based on the analytical target cascading to coordinate the RMGs and DNs. At the RMGs level, each RMG is required to individually optimize the energy consumption scheduling in every household by taking into account the effect of time-of-use electricity price on the demand response of EVs and flexible loads. At the DN level, the optimally coordinated operation problem is formulated as a relaxed optimal power flow model based on the second order cone programming by considering the power flow balance constraints. Case studies on the modified IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method by achieving coordinated economic optimality as well as coordinated operating points for all entities.