Huge encrusted ureteral stent forgotten for over 25 years: A case report

BACKGROUND Ureteral stent insertion is a relatively non-invasive procedure commonly used in the field of urology to resolve urinary obstruction. However, they are sometimes forgotten and the risk of complications increases with time. CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old woman with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections visited our hospital for evaluation of persistent left flank pain, and lower urinary tract symptoms despite anti-biotic treatment. She had received urological surgery in her teens but did not know the details of her surgery. Kidney, ureter, and bladder X-ray and abdominopelvic computed tomography revealed a forgotten left ureteral stent with huge encrustation at both ends and a severely dilated left kidney with parenchymal thinning. In order to remove the ureteral stent, a laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was planned. The ureteral stent was successfully removed, and she was discharged after recovery. The patient was followed up for two years after surgery and did not show any signs of long-term complications. CONCLUSION Long indwelling stents can cause dire complications requiring radical interventions. Stent registry systems, novel stent material development, and proper patient education is important for complication prevention.