Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults can be validly and reliably diagnosed. The clinical features are highly reminiscent of the pediatric form of the disorder. Diagnosis is based on clinical assessment using the DSM-IV criteria. Many adults with ADHD experience co-occurring disorders and have impaired success in academic achievement, career development, automobile driving, and interpersonal relationships. Studies of biological features support a genetic etiology for the disorder with associated neuropsychological deficits and catecholaminergic dysregulation. Emerging treatment strategies include structured psychotherapies, stimulant, and nonstimulant medications.