Feasibility of tracking laparoscopic instruments in a box trainer using a Leap Motion Controller

Motion analysis is employed to assess minimally invasive surgical psychomotor skills in box trainers. Tracking of laparoscopic instruments requires sensor-based systems that can be expensive, limit movements and modify their ergonomic properties. We evaluate the feasibility of using Leap Motion as a cheap, unobtrusive alternative. Four experiments were performed to determine its precision while tracking a laparoscopic instrument inside and outside a box trainer. Static long and short term precision of the Leap Motion was <2.5 mm. Precision between 12 different positions within the box trainer was < 0.7 mm for all measured distances between neighbors. Dynamic precision when moving the instrument for 200 mm ranged between 2 and 15 mm. Leap Motion presents acceptable precision values inside a box trainer. Improvements are still required (e.g.: multiple instruments' tracking). Once solved, a validation study should verify the usefulness of Leap Motion to objectively measure skills of novices and residents during training. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.