[1] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, 3-1-1 Minato Cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan
[2] Hokkaido Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Kita Ku, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0010021, Japan
[3] Hokkaido Univ, Field Sci Ctr Northern Biosphere, 3-1-1 Minato Cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan
[4] Hokkaido Univ, Off Enhancing Inst Capac, Res Dev Sect, Kita Ku, Kita 21,Nishi 10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0010021, Japan
[5] APA Hotel & Resorts Co Ltd, Minato Ku, Akasaka 3-2-3, Tokyo 1070052, Japan