Mindfulness-Based Processes of Healing for Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Objective: U.S. veterans are at increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prior studies suggest a benefit of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for PTSD, but the mechanisms through which MBSR reduces PTSD symptoms and improves functional status have received limited empirical inquiry. This study used a qualitative approach to better understand how training in mindfulness affects veterans with PTSD. Design: Qualitative study using semistructured in-depth interviews following participation in an MBSR intervention. Setting: Outpatient. Intervention: Eight-week MBSR program. Outcome measure: Participants' narratives of their experiences from participation in the program. Results: Interviews were completed with 15 veterans. Analyses identified six core aspects of participants' MBSR experience related to PTSD: dealing with the past, staying in the present, acceptance of adversity, breathing through stress, relaxation, and openness to self and others. Participants described specific aspects of a holistic mindfulness experience, which appeared to activate introspection and curiosity about their PTSD symptoms. Veterans with PTSD described a number of pathways by which mindfulness practice may help to ameliorate PTSD. Conclusions: MBSR holds promise as a nontrauma-focused approach to help veterans with PTSD.