A survey among breeders of South American camelids concerning breeding and reproduction management

Objective: South American camelids have become popular with an increasing number of breeders in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The aim of the present online survey was to gain information concerning housing and management of South American camelids, particularly during pregnancy and parturition. Material and methods: A link to the online survey was sent via email to 8 breeder associations in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The questionnaire included a total of 24 closed or open questions. The period for participation was May to October 2019. Results: A total of 92 breeders participated and 64 answered all questions. The survey revealed that South American camelids were mainly used for breeding (87 %) and production of fibre (74 %). The median flock size was 27 animals, mainly females. Most breeders (74 %) acquired their knowledge on South American camelids via personal contacts and advanced training courses. The majority (57 %) mated their females with an own sire that is kept separately. Using teaser males was the most popular pregnancy test (91 %), often combined with other techniques, especially ultrasonography. In most mares (88 %) duration of pregnancy was in the normal range of 335-360 days. Repeated problems with loss of pregnancy were reported by 76 % of breeders for less than 5 % of their mares. Postpartum problems occurred sporadically, e. g. lack of milk or mastitis (each < 5 %). Problems with the cria at parturition within the last 3 years were reported by > 50 % of the breeders, but reported reasons for dystocia showed no clear focus. The majority of the participants (69 %) were satisfied with the veterinary care in general and in the fields of pregnancy and obstetrics. Conclusion: The results of this survey provide new insights into the management practices of South American camelids breeders in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Further studies could compare these practices with those in countries where breeding of South American camelids possesses a longer tradition and different commercial backgrounds.