Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Helicobacter pylori inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (HpIMPDH) inhibitors. Further optimization of selectivity towards HpIMPDH over human IMPDH2

Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH, EC 1.1.1.205) catalyzes a crucial step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, thereby governing cell proliferation. In contrast to mammalian IMPDH5, microbial IMPDH5 are relatively less explored as potential targets for antimicrobial drug discovery. In continuation with our previous work, here we report the discovery of moderately potent and highly selective Helicobacter pylori IMPDH (HpIMPDH) inhibitors. The present study is mainly focused around our previously identified, modestly potent and relatively nonselective (for HpIMPDH over human IMPDH2) hit molecule IX (16i). In an attempt to optimize the selectivity for the bacterial enzyme, we screened a set of 48 redesigned new chemical entities (NCEs) belonging to 5-aminoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one series for their in vitro HpIMPDH and human IMPDH2 inhibition. A total of 12 compounds (hits) demonstrated >= 70% HpIMPDH inhibition at 10 mu M concentration; none of the hits were active against hIMPDH2. Compound 24 was found to be the most potent and selective molecule (HpIMPDH IC50 = 2.21 mu M) in the series. The study reaffirmed the utility of 5-aminoisobenzofiffan-1(3H)-one as a promising scaffold with great potential for further development of potent and selective HpIMPDH inhibitors.