Single-Pixel Imaging Using Multimode Fiber and Silicon Photonic Phased Array

Due to the unique nature of offering minimal invasiveness and high spatial resolution simultaneously, multimode fibers (MMFs) are receiving significant attention in bio-imaging applications. While a spatial light modulator is typically used for controlling the wavefront of the light emitted from the MMF, it makes the system slow, bulky, and expensive. To solve this problem, in this work, we demonstrate the use of a chip-scale integrated optical phased array (OPA) for imaging through an MMF. A silicon OPA with 128 independent phase shifters is fabricated and combined with a 3D waveguide interface to generate speckle patterns at the MMF output. Using the generated speckles and the optical power detected by a bucket detector, we experimentally obtain fine 2D images of the target. From the point spread function analysis of the system, the number of resolvable points is derived to be 1007 points, which is much larger than the number of phase shifters.