Small RNAs from Seed to Mature Plant

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are being used by plants to direct gene expression. In plants, different classes of sRNAs exist based on their biogenesis and origin. Among them, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) chiefly mask post-transcriptional gene expression. Initiation of translational inhibition or degradation requires the binding of miRNAs with the complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) target sites. From seed germination to plant formation, current studies report that sRNAs have a significant role in various plant developmental phases. Moreover, these sRNAs have been engaged throughout the plant evolutionary pathway, playing an active role in the shaping and functioning of various plant organs. Given the importance of sRNAs in the plant development and life cycle, this review article elaborates on the critical involvement of sRNAs in different phases of plant life starting from the seed and progressing towards the mature plant.