Accounting for One Health: Insights from the social sciences

被引:8
|
作者
Michalon, Jerome [1 ]
机构
[1] ENS Lyon Site Descartes, UMR Triangle, Bat D4 Rech 2eme Etage,15 Parvis Rene Descartes, F-69342 Lyon 07, France
关键词
One Health; Political Sociology; Science studies; Watchword; ONE WORLD; SURVEILLANCE; EMERGENCE; INFLUENZA; POLITICS; HISTORY; RISKS;
D O I
10.1051/parasite/2020056
中图分类号
R38 [医学寄生虫学]; Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ; 100103 ;
摘要
This paper discusses the relationship between One Health (OH) and the social sciences. Using a comparison between three narratives of the history of OH, it is argued that OH can be studied as a social phenomenon. The narrative of OH by its promoters (folk narratives) emphasizes two dimensions: OH as a renewal of veterinary medicine and OH as an institutional response to global health crises. Narratives from empirical social science work explore similar dimensions, but make them more complex. For political sociology, OH is the result of negotiations between the three international organisations (WHO, OIE and FAO), in a context of a global health crisis, which led to the reconfiguration of their respective mandates and scope of action: OH is a response to an institutional crisis. For the sociology of science, OH testifies to the evolution of the profession and veterinary science, enabling it to position itself as a promoter of interdisciplinarity, in a context of convergence between research and policy. In the Discussion section, I propose an approach to OH as an "epistemic watchword": a concept whose objective is to make several actors work together (watchword), in a particular direction, that of the production of knowledge (epistemic). Cet article aborde les rapports entre One Health (OH - << une sante >> en francais) et les sciences sociales. L'idee que OH peut etre etudie comme un phenomene social est defendue, au moyen d'une comparaison entre trois narrations de l'histoire de OH. La narration de OH par ses promoteurs (narrations indigenes) insiste sur deux dimensions : OH comme renouveau de la medecine veterinaire et OH comme reponse institutionnelle a des crises sanitaires. Les narrations issues de travaux empiriques en sciences sociales explorent des dimensions similaires, mais les rendent plus complexes. Pour la sociologie politique, OH est le resultat d'une negociation entre les trois organisations internationales (OMS, OIE et FAO), dans un contexte de crise sanitaire globale, ayant amene a reconfigurer leurs mandats et leurs perimetres d'action respectifs : OH est une reponse a une crise institutionnelle. Pour la sociologie des sciences, OH temoigne des evolutions de la profession et de la science veterinaire, permettant a celle-ci de se placer en position de promotrice de l'interdisciplinarite, dans un contexte de rapprochement entre recherche et action publique. Dans la partie << discussion >>, je proposerai d'aborder OH comme un << mot d'ordre epistemique >> : un concept dont l'objectif est de faire travailler plusieurs acteurs ensemble (mot d'ordre), dans un sens particulier, celui de la production de savoirs (epistemique).
引用
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页数:10
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