Sensory thresholds and the antinociceptive effects of GABA receptor agonists in mice lacking the β3 subunit of the GABAA receptor

A line of mice was recently created in which the gabrb3 gene, which encodes the beta(3) subunit of the GABA(A) receptor, was inactivated by gene-targeting. The existence of mice with a significantly reduced population of GABA(A) receptors in the CNS enabled an investigation of the role of GABA and GABA(A) receptors in nociception. The present study examined the sensory thresholds of these mice, as well as the antinociceptive effects of subcutaneously or intrathecally administered GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptor agonists. Homozygous null (beta(3)(-/-)) mice displayed enhanced responsiveness to low-intensity thermal stimuli in the tail-flick and hot-plate test compared to C57BL/6J and 129/SvJ progenitor strain mice, and their wild-type (beta(3)(+/+)) and heterozygous (beta(3)(+/-)) littermates. The beta(3)(-/-) mice also exhibited enhanced responsiveness to innocuous tactile stimuli compared to C57BL/6J, 129/SvJ and to their beta(3)(+/+) littermates as assessed by von Prey filaments. The presence of thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia in beta(3)(-/-) mice is consistent with a loss of inhibition mediated by presynaptic and postsynaptic GABA(A) receptors in the spinal cord. As expected, subcutaneous administration of the GABA(A) receptor agonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-(5,4-c)pyridin-3-ol did not produce antinociception in beta(3)(-/-) mice, whereas it produced a dose-dependent increase in hot-plate latency in C57BL/6J, 129/SvJ, beta(3)(+/+) and beta(3)(+/-) mice. However, the antinociceptive effect of the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen in the tail-hick and hot-plate tests was also reduced in beta(3)(-/-) mice compared to the progenitor strains, beta(3)(+/+) or beta(3)(+/-) mice after either subcutaneous or intrathecal administration. This finding was unexpected and suggests that a reduction in GABA(A) receptors can affect the production of antinociception by other analgesic drugs as well. (C) 1999 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.