Territorial Differentiation of Socio-Demographic Security of the Regions of Siberia and the Russian Far East

Results of studies into the socio-demographic security of the regions of the Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts are presented. It is shown that most of the subjects forming part of the regions, according to the integral indicator, are consistently located at a level of tension. Two regions-the Republic of Tyva and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast-are at the crisis level. Among the main threats affecting the decrease in security are low life expectancy, low birth rates, population migration, low per capita incomes of the population, and high crime. It is found that, according to separate indicators, among the regions of the Siberian and Far Eastern districts, there is a differentiation that changes over time. According to the life expectancy indicator in 2019, a crisis level of security is recorded in 19 out of 21 subjects, slightly higher than the critical indicator of Tomsk oblast and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). A stable crisis level of security of the regions in terms of the birth rate is observed in Altai, Kamchatka, Primorskii and Khabarovsk krais and in Kemerovo, Amur, and Magadan oblasts. According to this indicator, the Republic of Tyva is in the zone of well-being. In terms of personal security, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Amur and Magadan oblasts, and the Republic of Tyva are in the crisis zone, whereas the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and Omsk oblast are in the zone of stability. It is determined that one of the chief reasons for migration from eastern regions is a significant differentiation of per capita incomes; therefore, the Republic of Tuva, Altai, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, and Zabaikalskii krai have long occupied the leading positions according to this indicator.