Left Atrial Appendage Closure During Cardiac Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) during cardiac surgery in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients has been investigated in multiple studies with variable safety and efficacy results. Methods: A comprehensive review was performed of all studies comparing LAAC and placebo arm during cardiac surgery in AF patients. A random-effect model was used to calculate risk ratios, mean differences, and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Five randomized controlled trials and 22 observational studies were included with a total of 540,111 patients. The LAAC group had significantly decreased postoperative stroke/embolic events as compared to the no LAAC group with all cardiac surgeries (3.74% vs 4.88%, p = 0.0002), isolated valvular surgery (1.95% vs 4.48%, p = 0.002). However, CABG insignificantly favored the LAAC group for stroke/embolic events (6.72% vs 8.30%, p = 0.07). There was no difference between both groups in all-cause mortality in the perioperative period (p = 0.42), but was significantly lower in the LAAC arm after two years (14.1% vs 18.3%, p = 0.02). There was no difference in major bleeding, all-cause rehospitalizations, or cross-clamp time between both groups (p = 0.53 and p = 0.45). The bypass and the cross-clamp time were longer in the LAAC group (4 and 9 min, respectively). Conclusion: In AF patients, LAAC during cardiac surgery had a decreased risk of stroke and long-term all-cause mortality. Additionally, there was no difference in major bleeding, all-cause rehospitalizations, or cross-clamp time.