Preliminary investigation of family caregiver burden and oral care provided to homebound older patients

Objectives: Family caregivers play an important role in maintaining the oral health of homebound older adults. Thus, this preliminary study investigated family caregivers' burdens and the oral care they provide to homebound older patients. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A questionnaire was distributed to 230 family caregivers of homebound older patients. We used the Japanese version of the Zarit Burden Interview (J-ZBI) to measure caregiver burden. The cut-off score for the J-ZBI was 21 points. Caregivers with a care burden score below 21 points formed the mild group, while those scoring 21 points or more were included in the moderate/severe group. The differences between the groups were examined. The implementation status of oral care was assessed by the amount of time caregivers spent providing oral care and related concerns. The degree of independence for homebound older patients was measured using the Barthel Index. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with the severity of caregiver burden. Results: A total of 114 caregivers returned the questionnaires by mail (response rate: 49.6%). The moderate/severe care burden group represented 80.7% of the caregivers. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the level of patient independence and time spent performing oral care were significantly associated with the severity of caregiver burden. Conclusions: The results show that family caregivers experiencing high caregiver burden spent less time providing oral care than caregivers who reported less caregiver burden. Thus, support for oral health management provided by oral health professionals is considered necessary for family with a high caregiver burden of homebound older patients.