Effect of suspended particles on couple-stress fluid heated and soluted from below in porous medium

A layer of a couple-stress fluid permeated with suspended particles, heated and soluted from below in a porous medium, is considered. For the case of stationary convection, the stable solute gradient and couple-stress have stabilizing effects on the onset of convection, whereas the suspended particles and medium permeability have destabilizing effects on the couple-stress fluid permeated with suspended particles, heated and soluted from below in a porous medium. Graphs have been plotted by giving numerical values to the parameters, to depict the stability characteristics. The stable solute gradient is found to introduce oscillatory modes in the system, which were nonexistent in its absence. A sufficient condition for the nonexistence of overstability is obtained.