Rice-paddy field acts as a buffer system to decrease the terrestrial characteristics of dissolved organic matter exported from a typical small agricultural watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Agricultural watersheds are a crucial contributor of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) for the adjacent aquatic environment. Recently, ecological engineering of the buffer zone such as a rice-paddy field was established to reduce the export of nutrients and contaminants from a small agricultural watershed. However, the potential of the rice-paddy field to reduce the terrestrial signature of DOM is unclear. Therefore, two small agricultural sub-catchments (i.e., sub-1 and sub-2) with different land uses and hill slope angles in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area of China were studied from 2014 to 2015. The results showed that the terrestrial DOM signals are indicated by optical indices (SUVA(254), S-R, fluorescence index) in the steeper and more forest covered, but rice-paddy field buffered sub-catchment (i.e., sub-2) decreased significantly, as compared to the reference sub-catchment (i.e., sub-1). Regardless of seasonal variations, the rice-paddy field retained a buffering role to reduce the terrestrial property of DOM and the highest capacity was observed during the rice-growth period. However, during storm events, the differences of DOM properties for two sub-catchments were not significant, because the buffer system was weakened. Finally, environmental implications of the role of such a buffer zone in the TGR areas are discussed. These results demonstrate that rice-paddy fields are successful in mitigating the terrestrial property of exported DOM, but the weaker performance during storm events still needs to be considered.