Structure and energy spectrum of negative ions in non-polar liquids

The electron photodetachment energy from a negative ion increases significantly inside a nonpolar liquid in comparison with its value in the vacuum. It is customary to consider that it is a result of the polarization interaction of the ion with the atoms or molecules of the liquid. However, the exchange interaction of the outer electron of the negative ion with the electrons of the extemal atomic shells of the neutrals also plays an important role. This interaction may result in the creation of voids or bubbles around the negative ions which are similar to the electron bubbles in liquid helium and some other liquids. The electron binding energy of negative ions of different atoms and molecules injected in liquid rare gases and some hydrocarbons is calculated with taking into account of the quantum nature of the outer electron state and the possibility of the creation,of a void near the ion.