Effects over time of self-reported direct and vicarious racial discrimination on depressive symptoms and loneliness among Australian school students

被引:42
|
作者
Priest, Naomi [1 ]
Perry, Ryan [2 ]
Ferdinand, Angeline [3 ]
Kelaher, Margaret [3 ]
Paradies, Yin [4 ]
机构
[1] Australian Natl Univ, ANU Ctr Social Res & Methods, Beryl Rawson Bldg,Bldg 13,Rm 2-30, Acton, ACT 2610, Australia
[2] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Ctr Hlth Equ, Carlton, Vic 3010, Australia
[3] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Ctr Hlth Policy, Carlton, Vic 3010, Australia
[4] Deakin Univ, Alfred Deakin Inst Citizenship & Globalisat, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia
来源
BMC PSYCHIATRY | 2017年 / 17卷
关键词
Racial discrimination; Mental health; Depression; Loneliness; School; AFRICAN-AMERICAN PARENTS; MENTAL-HEALTH; PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION; ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION; PROTECTIVE FACTORS; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; AGED CHILDREN; EXPERIENCES; ADOLESCENTS; VICTIMIZATION;
D O I
10.1186/s12888-017-1216-3
中图分类号
R749 [精神病学];
学科分类号
100205 ;
摘要
Background: Racism and racial discrimination are increasingly acknowledged as a critical determinant of health and health inequalities. However, patterns and impacts of racial discrimination among children and adolescents remain under-investigated, including how different experiences of racial discrimination co-occur and influence health and development over time. This study examines associations between self-reported direct and vicarious racial discrimination experiences and loneliness and depressive symptoms over time among Australian school students. Methods: Across seven schools, 142 students (54.2% female), age at T1 from 8 to 15 years old (M = 11.14, SD = 2.2), and from diverse racial/ethnic and migration backgrounds (37.3% born in English-speaking countries as were one or both parents) self-reported racial discrimination experiences (direct and vicarious) and mental health (depressive symptoms and loneliness) at baseline and 9 months later at follow up. A full cross-lagged panel design was modelled using MPLUS v. 7 with all variables included at both time points. Results: A cross-lagged effect of perceived direct racial discrimination on later depressive symptoms and on later loneliness was found. As expected, the effect of direct discrimination on both health outcomes was unidirectional as mental health did not reciprocally influence reported racism. There was no evidence that vicarious racial discrimination influenced either depressive symptoms or loneliness beyond the effect of direct racial discrimination. Conclusions: Findings suggest direct racial discrimination has a persistent effect on depressive symptoms and loneliness among school students over time. Future work to explore associations between direct and vicarious discrimination is required.
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页数:11
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