Non-pharmacological treatments of insomnia

Insomnia is a prevalent and complex disorder to treat. This article reviews the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. With regard to treatment, there now exists an extensive literature demonstrating that compared with pharmacological treatments a range of non-pharmacological therapies are of proven clinical efficacy and durability. These include, for example, stimulus control therapy, bedtime restriction therapy, relaxation therapy, cognitive therapy and bright light therapy. These therapies are summarized and evaluated. It is recommended that therapists consider non-drug treatments based on cognitive-behavioral principles when managing a patient with insomnia.