Genotyping of the Echinococcus granulosus in Paraffin-Embedded Human Tissue Samples from Iran

Purpose Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a medically important disease that is caused by the metacestodes of Echinococcus granulosus. Human hydatid is considered an endemic disease in specific regions of Iran. The goal of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity of E. granulosus from the paraffin-embedded human tissue samples which were collected from the endemic regions of Iran. Methods Fifty-five formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded hydatid cysts (FFPE) of humans, which had been removed surgically, were obtained from the South Khorasan and Sistan and Baluchistan provinces. These regions are related to the East and Southeast regions of Iran, respectively. The cox1 and nad1 genes from mitochondria were amplified from the extracted DNA and sequenced. The sequences were edited using the BioEdit software. Furthermore, phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses were performed. Results Sequencing of the cox1 and nad1 genes from the 44 CE samples was done successfully. Genetic analysis revealed that 38 (86.3%) and 6 (13.6%) of the isolates were G1- and G6-genotypes, respectively. In general, eight and six haplotypes were identified by cox1 and nad1 genes analysis, respectively. For G1 strains, the haplotype diversity index was higher for the cox1 gene (0.6 +/- 0.07) in comparison with the nad1 gene (0.4 +/- 0.09). Conclusion The findings of the present study showed that the sheep strain (G1) and the less important camel strain (G6) play the main roles in the transmission cycle of CE in the East and Southeast regions of Iran. Therefore, these results could be useful for managing the hydatid disease control programs in the studied and other similar areas.