Anti-angiogenic and anticancer activities of the nanoemulsions synthesized from Trachyspermum ammi L. tincture against human colon adenorectal carcinoma cells

In this study, an attempt has been made to synthesize nanoemulsions using Trachyspermum ammi tincture. The nanoemulsion specifications are characterized by TEM, DLS, and zeta potential. The anti-tumour and cell toxicity effects of the biosynthesized nanoemulsions are evaluated by chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and MTT assays, respectively. For the CAM test, the length and number of blood vessels are evaluated around the gelatine sponge. According to DLS analysis, the nanoemulsions synthesized by the T. ammi tincture have an average hydrodynamic size of 34 nm. The cytotoxicity test shows little toxicity for the nanoemulsions against human foreskin fibroblast cells. On the other hand, the fabricated nanoemulsions show dose- and time-dependent toxicity against colon cancer cells (HT-29) and ovarian cancer cells (A2780) with an IC50 of 14 and 0.72 μg/ml, respectively. According to the CAM assay, the number and length of blood vessels and dose dependency significantly decrease after exposure to different concentrations of the nanoemulsions. In this study, a simple approach for the biosynthesis of nanoemulsions is explained. The nanoemulsions show dose-dependent cytotoxic effects against HT-29 colon cancer cells and inhibit the formation of blood vessels. The observed bioeffects indicate the potential of the fabricated nanoemulsions as effective chemotherapeutics for cancer treatment. © 2022 The Authors. Micro & Nano Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.