Regulating Ontario's circular economy through food waste legislation

Purpose Ontario's Ministry of Environment and Climate Change seeks to legislate diverse waste streams (including food waste) by implementing Bill 151, known colloquially as the Waste Free Ontario Act. The purpose of this study is to investigate how stakeholders in Ontario's food and waste systems perceive the prospective legislation. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on interviews with stakeholders across the food value chain in Ontario, as well as an analysis of legislation and related documents. Findings The paper argues that Bill 151 represents the Province's commitment to an ecological modernization paradigm. This research uncovers the lines of tension that may exist in the implementation of food waste policy. These lines of tension represent stakeholders' ideological perspectives on food waste, including whether it signals an efficient or inefficient economy, whether legislation should prioritize economic or environmental goals and whether it is more appropriate for legislation to incentivize desired food waste treatments or penalize/prohibit undesired activities. Originality/value The analysis reveals potential allies in the regulatory process, likely points of contention and areas where greater consensus may be forged, depending on government efforts to reframe the issues at stake.