Modeling of High-Frequency Current Transformer Based Partial Discharge Detection in High-Voltage Cables

Partial discharge (PD) testing of high-voltage (HV) cables and cable accessories has been implemented predominantly using high-frequency current transformers (HFCTs) as PD sensors. PD currents initiating at PD sources are coupled onto cable conductors. They travel away from the PD sources and are detected by HFCTs installed at cable terminations. In this paper, based on combining finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling and transfer function theory, a hybrid modeling approach is proposed to investigate the processes of PD coupling and detection involved in HFCT-based PD testing of HV cables. This approach allows exciting a PDevent anywhere in FDTD models of the cables and predicting output from HFCTs some distance away. Implementation of the method is illustrated using an 11 kV XLPE cable. Moreover, a "direct measurement" method of obtaining original PD pulses as the excitation source waveform is presented. The modeling approach introduced here will facilitate studies on the relationship between measured PD signals and those excited at PD sources, which can potentially give useful insight into the basic mechanisms behind PD detection in cables.