What should the urologist interested in immunotherapies know about their toxicities? Review and management

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD1, anti-PDL1) allow anti-tumor T lymphocytes reactivation. However, as a non-specific action, auto-immune T lymphocytes can be as well activated, leading to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although severe irAEs remain rare (10 % of cases under monotherapy), they can become life-threatening if not detected and managed appropriately. Prevention, anticipation, detection, treatment and monitoring are the key points proposed to care this new spectrum of toxicities. Here we reviewed guidelines and tools required to assure safety in immune checkpoint inhibitors prescription. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.