Immersive visuo-haptic rendering in optometry training simulation

Immersion is of paramount importance for virtual training tasks, especially in the area of medical training simulations. Although haptic interaction has been the major boost for immersion in visuo-haptic rendering, the way how visual rendering represent detailed information can greatly affect haptic pipeline and therefore is also crucial for an engaging and effective training simulation. In this paper, we discuss a few details in visuo-haptic rendering of optometry training simulation, and demonstrate two implementations which provide detailed and accurate rendering results and increase the immersion of the training procedure. The effectiveness of these implementations have been validated both visually and haptically by medical professionals through a few user studies. The work discussed in this paper may serve as foundations for future improvements in visuo-haptic medical training simulation tasks.